UNIT 1. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
 | elemental compostion (2-1) |
2.1.1.1. Atomic Structures (2-2)
2.1.1.2. Isotopes (2-3)
2.1.1.3. Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen Bonds
| ionic bonding (2-4) |
| covalent bonding in hydrogen (2-5) |
| hydrogen bonding in water (2-6) |
| calorie definition (2-8) |
| resistant to change in temperature |
water density vs temperature (2-9)
common anions and cations (2-11)
| pH scale (2-12) |
| bicarbonate buffer system (2-13) |
| dissolved salts (2-14) |
| covalent bonding in methane (2-15) |
| hydrocarbon skeletons (2-16) |
| functional groups (2-17) |
| structure of monosaccharides (2-18) |
| glucose chain structure (2-19) |
| glucose ring structure (2-20) |
| maltose, lactose, and sucrose (2-21) |
| starch (2-22) |
| cellulose and chitin (2-23) |
| free fatty acids (2-24) |
| saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (2-25) |
| fatty acid esters (2-26) |
| synthesis of a fat (2-27) |
| phospholipid (2-28) |
| polypeptide structure (2-29) |
| nonpolar amino acids (2-30) |
| polar amino acids (2-31) |
| ionic amino acids (2-32) |
| essential amino acids |
| protein structures (2-33) |
| tertiary structure of myoglobin (2-34) |
| quaternary structure of hemoglobin (2-35) |
| purines and pyrimidines (2-36) | ||||||
| structure of nucleotides (2-37) | ||||||
| NADH (2-38) | ||||||
| nucleic acids and hydrogen bonds (2-39) | ||||||
| bases in double stranded DNA (2-40) | ||||||
| coiled double stranded DNA (2-41) | ||||||
| RNA resembles DNA except:
|
| vitamin beta carotene (2-42) |
| sterols, e.g., typical hormones (2-43) |
| cofactor chlorophyll a (2-44) |
| lignin model (2-45) |
4.1. What are three major differences in the elemental composition of plants and animals?
4.2. Rank the strength of hydrogen, covalent, and ionic bonds (higher to lower) and give one example of each (draw structures).
4.3. How does ionic bonding influence the properties of water? What would be an ecological problem if water had its highest density at the freezing point?
4.4. Memorize the common cations and anions.
4.5. What is an acid, base, salt, and buffer? What is the main buffer in humans?
4.6. Give examples of natural environments that have low, neutral, and high pH.
4.7. You should be able to draw the major functional groups used in biochemicals.
4.8. You should be able to recognize each of the types of biochemicals presented and one or more examples of their function.
4.9. Specifically you should be able to draw the structures of glucose, sucrose, ribose, deoxyribose, adenine, quanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, ATP, and NAD.
4.10. You should know which purines and pyrimidines are attracted in DNA replication.
4.11. What is meant by primary, secondary, tertiary, and quatenary structure of proteins?
| acid | enzyme | nucleic acid |
| amino acid | fatty acid | nucleotide |
| atom | functional group | pH scale |
| atomic number | hydrogen bond | phospholipid |
| base | hydrogen ion (H+) | polypeptide chain |
| buffer | hydrolysis | protein |
| carbohydrate | ion | proton |
| condensation | ionic bond | radioisotope |
| covalent bond | lipid | salt |
| denaturation | mass number | molecule |
| electron |
Frank Potter's Science Gems - Physical Scienc...
Theory of Atoms in Molecules: Introduction
Abbreviations of Chemical Compounds
Eric's Treasure Trove of Chemistry
Movies Trove of Chemistry Multimedia Movies including: Docking (transition from Trypsinogen into Trypsin); DLPE Bilayer; Argon Cluster; 3D Texture Mapping; Vibrations; Cellulose Morphing; Wave Packet; Proton Transfer, etc. Make your own molecular movies!!
ChemFinder Searching "At the moment, this database contains an eclectic 2500 compounds. We are particularly well represented in small biological molecules, including sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, and steroids. We also have large selections of drugs and dyes, with particular emphasis on household items."
General Organic and Biochemistry - Physical Scie Some animations. Lecture slide series: Chemical reactions; solutions; acids/bases; reaction rates; alkanes; phenols; amines; enzymes; nucleic acids; carbohydrate metabolism; etc. Copyrighted.
Amino Acid Basics Animated (gif images) introduction to what defines an amino acid.
