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What is Biological Engineering?

David P. Chynoweth

Professor of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

I. Introduction

A. Biology is a Field that has Traditionally Crossed Many Disciplines.

B. It is Rapidly Becoming a Focal Point of Most Engineering Disciplines.

C. Articles From Magazines (a)(b)(c)(d)(e)

D. Sales of Biotech. Industries in, 1992, 1995 and 1996

 

II. What is Biotechnology?

A. Traditional Biotechnology

B. Modern Biotechnology

C. Modern biotechnology methods

D. Manufacturing and Service Applications of Biotechnology

1. Plant Sciences
bulletplant cell culture
bulletstress, disease, and pest resistance
bulletimproved nutritional profiles
bulletimproved processing
bulletflavor improvement
bulletbiomass production

2. Animal Sciences

3. Food Processing

4. Alternative Energy and Chemical Feedstock Processing

5. Environmental and Pollution Control

6. Marine Sciences

7. Health Care and Maintenance

E. Development of a New Biotechnology

 

III. Bioengineering

A. Biomedical Engineering

B. Biochemical Engineering

1. industrial-scale biosynthesis
bulletfermentation
bulletcell culture
bulletenzymatic transformations

2. separation/purification/isolation of products

3. energy and waste management

4. systems analysis and modeling

5. automation and process control

C. Other Biological Engineering Fields

  1. animal systems
  2. biotechnical systems
  3. ecological systems
  4. human and rehabilitation
  5. ocean systems
  6. aquaculture
  7. cellular
  8. biomaterials

 

IV. Role of Agricultural Engineering in Biotechnology

A. Traditional

B. New Horizons

C. Curriculum Changes Needed

D. New Courses Recently Developed

  1. Biology for Engineers (ABE2062)
  2. Biology for Engineers Laboratory (ABE3062L)
  3. Engineering Quantification of Biological Processes (ABE4662)
  4. Transport Processes in Biological Systems
  5. Engineering Properties of Biological Materials
  6. Biological Systems Control

E. Engineering Premedical Professions Students

1. Courses needed beyond normal engineering curriculum
bulletchemistry, 8 hours (4 above normal)
bulletorganic chemistry, 8 hours
bulletbiochemistry, 4 hours
bulletgeneral biology, 8 hours

F. The Institute of Biological Engineering

 

V. Cross-Disciplinary Nature of Biotechnology

 

VI. Some Examples

A. Human Products

B. Agricultural Products

C. Microbial Products

D. Illustrations

bulletbloodflow restored to blocked artery
bullettumor and spleen hydbridoma produce monoclonal antibodies
bulletmonoclonal antibody reaction
bulletdrop of insulin made by genetically-engineered bacteria
bulletcomputer-generated model of DNA
bulletgel chromatography of DNA fragments
bulletmicromanipulator inserts DNA into plant and animal cells
bulletgrowth-promoting hormones
bulletgenetically engineered bacteria enhance frost protection in potato
bulletflasks of microbes produce interferon
bullethollow fiber ultrafiltration to purify insulin
bulletfermentors with genetically engineered bacteria