Lecture 13. Industrial Microbiology

1. Objective

The objective is to introduce the various processes involving applications of microorganisms in industries related to energy, environment, food, and chemicals.

2. Pure Versus Mixed Culture Processes

2.1. General Types of Products (13-1)

2.2. Pure Culture Processes (13-2)

2.3. Mixed Culture Processes (13-3)

3. Energy-Related Processes

3.1. Ethanol

	pathway (13-4)
	process (1) (13-5) (2) (13-6)

3.2. Methane

	pathway (13-7)
	anaerobic digestion (13-8)
	energy crops (13-9)

3.3. Others (e.g. hydrogen)

4. Environmental

4.1. Wastewater Treatment

	sewage treatment scheme (13-10)
	activated sludge plant (13-11)
	Bacardi anaerobic filter (13-12)
	water hyacinth treatment system (13-13)

4.2. Solid Waste Treatment

	aerobic composting (13-14)
	sequential batch anaerobic composting (13-15)

4.3. Degradation of Toxic Compounds

	persistence of toxic chemicals in soil (13-16)
	bioremediation

4.4. Air Contamination and Treatment

5. Food and Feed Fermentations

5.1. Summary of Food and Feed Fermentations (A) (13-17) (B) (13-18)

5.2. Alcoholic Beverages

	production of wine (13-19)
	beer fermentor (13-20)

5.3. Fermented Milk Products

cheese (13-21)

5.4. Fermented Vegetables (pickles, sauerkraut)

5.5. Fermented Meats (sushi)

5.6. Ensiling

5.7. Microorganisms (yeast (13-22) and single cell protein)

6. Pharmaceuticals

6.1. Amino Acids (13-25) , Vitamins

6.2. Antibiotics (13-26)

6.3. Enzymes (A) (13-27) (B) (13-28)

7. Other

7.1. Biological Pest Control

7.2. Microbial Corrosion

7.3. Frost Resistance

7.4. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

7.5. Nitrogen Fixation

8. Critical Concepts or Questions

8.1. List five industrial process that use pure culture and five that use mixed cultures.

8.2. What are the main unit operations and their in making ethanol? What is the theoretical yield (liters) from one ton of starch?

8.3. What are the man unit operationsand their functions in anaerobic digestion? What are five application of this process?

8.4. Compare the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of aerobic and anaerobic composting for treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste.

8.5. What is the approach for bioremediation of toxic compounds in soil?

8.6. What are the sources and methods of mitigation of microorganism pollutants in indoor air (see Lecture 14 for more detailed information)?

8.7. What are the two major purposes of fermenting food?

8.8. What are the main unit operations and their functions in wastewater treat? Give two examples of fermented milk, vegetables, fruits, breads, and meats.

8.9. How are microorganisms used in production of pharmaceuticals, pest control, corrosion, and oil recovery?

9. Vocabulary

bioethanol	biomethane	distillation
pretreatment	saccharification	biohydrogen
activated sludge	anaerobic digestion	composting
xenobiotic	bioremediation	refractory
cometabolism	bioaerosol	HEPA filter
cellulose	hemicellulose	ensiling
single cell protein	pickled	lactobacilli
secondary metabolite	fermentor	scale-up
Legionella	immobilized	mash
microbial frost control	microbial corrosion	hops

10. Webpage Links

The On-line Distiller Network Murtagh This site embraces distilleries producing alcohol ("ethyl alcohol" or "ethanol") for beverage, fuel and industrial uses.

ADMWorld

Biothane Corporation

Anheuser-Busch, Inc

Water-Wastewater Web W-WW Exhibit Hall featuring many high quality manufacturers of water and wastewater treatment equipment. Find equipment either by the Topical Directory or you can utilize the Exhibit Hall Search Engine.

11. Illustration Documentation