The objective is to introduce the principles and applications Mendelian genetics, variations, and sex related inheritance.
2.2.1. Monohybrid cross
 | gametes (10-2) |
| Punnett-square (10-3) |
2.2.2. Dihybrid cross (10-4)
| when one allele isn't fully dominant over its partner |
| Example: melanin and melanin deposition (black, white, and brown coat of guinea pig. Black is dominant brown is recessive when melanin producing gene is present. Coat is white when no melanin is deposited. |
| Example: Labrador Retriever, black (dominant), yellow (recessive without melanin), brown (with melanin) |
| Example: comb types in chickens (10-7)
|
| Nilsson-Ehle's trigenic cross of wheat (10-8) |
| Frequency distribution (10-9) |
Himalayen rabbits normally are white as melanin is not produced at temperatures above 35 C. If one shaves hair from back and places ice pack on the shaven skin, black hair is produced. The ears, tail, and feet are normally black because they have less hair and are cooler.
| antigen-antibody content of blood types (10-11) |
| blood transfusion relationships (10-12) |
| genotypes of blood types (10-13) |
| frequencies of blood groups in select populations (10-14) |
| sickle cell anemia (defect favors protection against malaria) |
| abnormal recessive traits become expressed (e.g. too many fingers or toes) |
| was common among royalty (refer to Figure 11.2 in Starr 2000, on hemophilia) |
4.1.1. Genetics (10-15)
4.1.2. Development of sex organs
| internal (10-16) |
| external (10-17) |
4.2.1. Holandric - genes unique to Y chromosome, hair pinna on ears
4.2.2. Eye color in fruit flies (10-18)
4.2.3. Others: hemophilia, color blindness
4.4.1. Common in plants
4.4.2. Rare in animals
| some lizards, asexual |
| usually lethal |
1. You should understand how to use the Punett Square method to resolve F1 and F2 generations of monhybrid and dihybrid crosses with up to three characteristics.
2. You should be able to do (1) with a sex-linked characteristics.
3. You should understand the basis for blood types and be able to determine which blood types are compatible and incompatible and why.
4. Illustrate why inbreeding is harmful from a genetic viewpoint.
5. Discuss the development of sexual organs? What genetic factors influence sex?
| allele | codominance | gene |
| continuous variation | dihybrid cross | gene pair |
| genotype | heterozygous | homozygous |
| homozygous dominance | homozygous recessiveness | locus |
| independent assortment | monohybrid cross | phenotype |
| Punnett-square | segregation | testcross |
| true-breeding organism | autosomal dominant inheritance | karyotype |
| autosomal recessive inheritance | autosome | linkage |
| chromosomal deletion | chromosomal duplication | crossing over |
| chromosomal translocation | family pedigree | monosomy |
| nondisjunction | sex chromosome | trisomy |
| sex chromosome abnormality | X-linked gene | X-linked recessive inheritance |
The Genetic Code - S.D. Black, U. of Texas Health Center at Tyler Table relating nucleic acid triplet to the corresponding amino acid.
Molecular Biology - The Biology Project, Biology, University of Arizona Activities, Problems sets, and Tutorials: Molecular Genetics; Nucleic Acids; Recombinant DNA Technology; Eukaryotic Gene Expression
Prokaryotic Genetics and Gene Expression from the MIT Hypertextbook - M.I.T. Tools for studying prokaryotic genetics, biochemical genetics, Lac operation, etc.
The making of the nucleosome - D. Pruss Simplified images and a tour.
