The objective of this lecture is to introduce the principles of DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis, and regulation of enzyme synthesis and expression.
 | DNA model (7-1) |
| bonding of nucleotide bases (7-2) |
| Figure of DNA replication (7-3) |
| simplified overview of protein synthesis (7-4) |
| mRNA code (7-5) |
| protein transcription and translation (7-6) |
| synthesis of hydrolytic enzyme in eukaryotic cell (7-7) |
| translation on the ribosome (7-8) |
| model of 16S rRNA (7-9) |
| comparison of rRNA (7-10) |
| phylogenetic tree (7-11) |
5.1.1. Figure of protein control (7-12)
5.1.2. Figure of lipid control (7-13)
5.1.3. Figure of carbohydrate control (7-14)
| inhibition, citric acid |
| activation, AMP and ADP |
| repression (7-15) |
| induction |
| lactose operon (7-17) |
6.1. What is meant by semiconservative replication of DNA?
6.2. How does DNA make RNA? Distinguish between the sense and nonsense strands.
6.3. Be sure that you can synthesize a protein from DNA or deduce the sense strand of DNA from a sequence of amino acids. Understand the definitions and functions of transcription, translation, codons, start codon, stop codons, mRNA, tRNA, charged tRNA, redundancy, ribosome, rRNA.
6.4. Why and how are the activities and concentrations of enzymes regulated?
6.5. Where does protein synthesis occur in prokaryotic cells? in eukaryotic cells?
| adenine | base pair | cytosine |
| DNA polymerase | DNA replication | guanine |
| histone | nucleosome | nucleotide |
| thymine | urasil | anticodon |
| cancer | codon | differentiation |
| exon | gene | gene mutation |
| genetic code | intron | messenger RNA |
| metastasis | mutagen | oncogene |
| operator | operon | promoter |
| proto-oncogene | ribosomal RNA | ribosome |
| selective gene expression | transcription | start codon |
| transfer RNA | translation | redundancy |
| stop codon |
The Genetic Code - S.D. Black, U. of Texas Health Center at Tyler Table relating nucleic acid triplet to the corresponding amino acid.
Molecular Biology - The Biology Project, Biology, University of Arizona Activities, Problems sets, and Tutorials: Molecular Genetics; Nucleic Acids; Recombinant DNA Technology; Eukaryotic Gene Expression
Prokaryotic Genetics and Gene Expression from the MIT Hypertextbook - M.I.T. Tools for studying prokaryotic genetics, biochemical genetics, Lac operation, etc.
The making of the nucleosome - D. Pruss Simplified images and a tour.
