The objective is to introduce the structures and functions of different types of cells, including viruses, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic (plant and animal).
 | surface to volume relationship (6-1) |
| unlimited microbial growth (6-2) |
| measurements in microscopy (6-3) |
| size of bacteria compared to pin head (6-4) |
| T4 bacteriophage (6-6) |
| adenovirus (colds) (6-7) |
| tobacco mosaic virus (6-8) |
| Figure of bacterial cell (6-9) |
| EM of bacterial cell showing nucleoid (6-10) |
| Sporulating bacterium (6-11) |
| Flagella of E. coli (6-12) |
| Photo of Scytonemia (6-13) |
| EM of Plectoneina (60-14) |
| flagella |
| pilli |
| spores |
| nucleus |
| nucleolus - where ribosome subunits are made |
| chromosomes (6-16) |
| plasma membrane |
| mitochondria |
| lysosme (6-17) |
| vacuoles |
| endoplasma reticulum (smooth) (6-18) |
| endoplasma reticulum (rough) (6-19) (particles are ribosomes) |
| centrioles - guide mitosis; point of synthesis of cilia and flagella |
| Golgi apparatus (6-20) lipid assembly, polypeptide chain modification, packaging of polypeptides for transport to other various locations in cell |
| cilia protozoa (6-21) |
| trachea (6-22) |
| flagellum (6-23)(sea urchin spermatozoan) |
| Sizes of sub-cell components (6-24) |
| hydrolytic enzyme cycle (6-25) |
| plasmadesma |
| chloroplasts |
| cell wall |
| leucoplasts (starch storage) |
| u-tube osmosis (6-29) |
| osmotic relationships in cells (6-30) |
7.3.1. Fluid mosaic model (6-31)
7.3.2. Phospholipid structure (6-32)
7.3.3. Cholesterol in membrane (6-33)
| binds to and immobilizes phospholipids (makes membranes less fluid and stronger) |
7.4.1. Diffusion
| do diffuse (hydrophobic molecules, e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, lipid soluble; small polar molecules,e.g. water, glycerol) |
| do not diffuse (ions; polar molecules, e.g. glucose, amino acids) |
7.4.2. Facilitated diffusion channel (6-34) (influenced by channels diam. and chem. environment)
7.4.3. Cooperative ion channel (6-35) (two chemicals pass cooperatively)
7.4.4. Gated channel (6-36) (allosteric effector opens channel, e.g cystic fibrosis is caused by a flaw in this mechanism)
7.4.5. Mobil carrier (6-37) (transmembrane carrier)
7.4.6. Electrochemical gradient (6-38) (~70 mv)
7.4.7. . Ion pump (6-39) (pump ions out using ATP energy; inside becomes negatively charged)
7.4.8. Complexation inside cell (6-40)
7.5.1. Phagocytosis (white blood cell) (6-41)
7.5.2. Phagocytosis (amoeba) (6-42)
7.5.3. Pinocytosis (engulfment of liquid, i.e. water from blood to lung) (6-43)
7.5.4. Endocytosis (engulfment of particles, i.e transport of materials to lysosomes) (6-44)
7.5.5. Endocytosis (of cholesterol) (6-45)
7.5.6. Exocytosis (tear fluid) (6-46)
8.1. How does surface/volume ratio influence cell metabolism and growth rates? Compare the s/v ratios of a sphere, cube, and oblong cell with the same volume.
8.2. What are the differences in the structures of viruses, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic cells? What is the cell type of a bacterium, archean, bluegreen alga, green algae, protozoan, fungus, higher plant, and higher animal?
8.3. You should be able to recognize and know the function of the organelle in plant and animal eukaryotic cells. What are the basic differences in plant and animal cells?
8.4. Briefly describe the mechanisms by which dissolved materials cross cell membranes.
8.5. How do solid particles get through membranes?
8.6. How do interconnecting cells interact with each other?
| active transport | cell wall | central vacuole |
| centriole | chloroplast | chromosome |
| cilium | concentration gradient | cytoplasm |
| cytomembrane system | cytoskeleton | diffusion |
| endocytosis | endoplasmic reticulum | exocytosis |
| eukaryotic cell | flagellum | Golgi body |
| lipid bilayer | lysosome | microtubule |
| mitochondrion | nuclear envelope | nucleolus |
| nucleus | organelle | osmosis |
| passive transport | plasma membrane | ribosome |
| prokaryotic cell | vesicle | anaphase |
| cell cycle | cell plate formation | centromere |
| chromosome | cleavage furrow | cytokinesis |
| diploid | haploid | interphase |
| homologous chromosome | meiosis | metaphase |
| mitosis | prophase | telophase |
| reproduction | sister chromatid | spindle apparatus |
DICTIONARY OF CELL BIOLOGY - SEARCH - J.A.T. Dow, Academic Press, London The Dictionary of Cell Biology was first published in 1989, and it is intended to provide quick access to easily-understood and cross-referenced definitions of terms frequently encountered in reading the modern biology literature. There are 5450 entries and 5772 cross-references.
WWW Cell Biology Course/Tutorial
- M. Dalton, Univ. of Minnesota [Text and Images] Types of Cells - procaryotes,
eucaryotes, plant, bacteria: Parts of the Cell - cell/plasma membrane, internal
organelles/membranes (including membrane bound proteins), genetic material (including
histones), cytoplasm, energetics (mitochondria and chloroplasts): Cell Division.
